【主谓一致语法总结】在英语学习中,主谓一致是语法中一个非常基础但容易出错的点。主谓一致指的是句子中的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。掌握这一规则,有助于提高语言表达的准确性与自然性。
一、主谓一致的基本原则
1. 单数主语 + 单数动词
当主语是单数时,动词要用第三人称单数形式(一般现在时)。
- 例句:The boy runs every morning.
2. 复数主语 + 复数动词
当主语是复数时,动词用原形。
- 例句:The boys run every morning.
3. 特殊主语结构
某些主语虽然看起来是复数,但实际是单数概念,如“the number of...”、“a number of...”等。
二、常见易错情况
| 主语类型 | 动词形式 | 举例说明 |
| 单数主语 | 第三人称单数 | The cat is on the table. |
| 复数主语 | 原形动词 | The cats are on the table. |
| “The number of...” | 单数动词 | The number of students is large. |
| “A number of...” | 复数动词 | A number of students are absent. |
| 不定代词(each, everyone, nobody) | 单数动词 | Everyone knows the answer. |
| 集合名词(team, family, group) | 视情况而定 | The team is playing well. / The team are arguing. |
| 由“and”连接的两个主语 | 复数动词 | Tom and Mary are friends. |
| 由“or”或“either...or”连接的主语 | 与最近的主语一致 | Either the teacher or the students are responsible. |
三、特殊用法与注意事项
1. 集体名词作主语
如“family, team, group”等,视整体为一个单位时用单数动词;若强调成员个体,则用复数动词。
- The family is going on vacation.(整个家庭一起)
- The family are all different.(每个成员不同)
2. 不定代词作主语
如“someone, someone else, no one, none, neither”等,通常视为单数。
- No one has seen the movie.
- Neither of the options is correct.
3. 分数、百分比、量词作主语
根据后面名词的数决定动词形式。
- 50% of the students are present.
- 10% of the water is polluted.
4. 以-s结尾的名词作主语
有些名词虽然以-s结尾,但表示单数概念,如“news, mathematics, politics”。
- The news is interesting.
- Mathematics is difficult for me.
四、总结表格
| 类型 | 主语示例 | 动词形式 | 说明 |
| 单数 | He, She, It, The book | runs, is, has | 第三人称单数 |
| 复数 | They, We, The books | run, are, have | 原形动词 |
| each, everyone, nobody | Each student, Everyone | works, knows, comes | 单数 |
| “The number of...” | The number of cars | is | 强调数量 |
| “A number of...” | A number of people | are | 强调人数多 |
| 集合名词 | The team, The family | is / are | 视整体或个体 |
| 由“and”连接 | Tom and Jerry | are | 复数 |
| 由“or”连接 | You or I | am / am | 与最近主语一致 |
掌握主谓一致规则,不仅能提升写作和口语的准确性,还能增强语言表达的自然流畅感。通过不断练习和积累,可以有效避免常见的语法错误,使英语表达更加地道和规范。


